Ranged Weapon
Stats
Ranged Weapons have quite a few stats defining how they behave, and unlike Melee Weapons these aren't significantly affected by character stats.
Range
Decides if you can attack an enemy, and if you deal full or half damage. Here are the cases and their effect:
Normal range
If the enemy is within the normal range of the weapon you can attack them and deal full damage.
Extended range
If the enemy is within the extended range of the weapon you can attack them and deal half damage (rounded down).
Out of range
If the enemy is outside even the extended range you are allowed to shoot, but will deal no damage.
Damage
The normal damage dealt by the weapon, the actual damage depends on the range.
Magazine size
This isn't the number of bullets, it is the number of Combat rounds that the weapon can be used before needing to be reloaded.
Point-Blank
If yes the weapon can be used in Melee Combat. Generally small firearms or firearms clearly built for it.